Automatic Transfer Switch: An Overview
How Does an Automatic Transfer Switch Work?
An ATS constantly monitors how much electricity is being produced by its primary electrical source (usually the grid) so that if an abnormality is detected, an ATS will automatically operate and switch to a second source of power (generator) before it shuts off completely, therefore keeping everything operational. The ATS will automatically switch back to the primary electrical source once the source has been restored, therefore keeping the optimal performance or level of service.
Types of Automatic Transfer Switches
There are two categories of automatic transfer switches that can be classified, depending on how they transfer between sources;
Open Transition ATS
An open transition ATS will disconnect the first power source before connecting to the second power source. An open transition in how the transfer occurs will ensure that the transition process goes as quickly as possible; however, there may be a very brief power outage during the transition from one power source to another. Open transition type of automatic transfer switches can be used for applications that are acceptable of a very short power outage.
Closed Transition ATS
With a closed transition ATS, there is no power interruption during the transfer from one electrical source to the other. The ATS will temporarily connect to both power sources before the load is switched over completely to the backup source. This type of transfer switch works well for all critical applications where even a single millisecond of downtime can create major problems.
Common Uses of Automatic Transfer Switches
Automatic Transfer Switch for RVs
For RV users, an automatic transfer switch for RVs is used to switch from shore power to generator power so that electrical appliances and other systems continue operating within the RV, making travel on the road easier and more comfortable.
Automatic Transfer Switch for Dual Power Sources
A dual power automatic transfer switch is designed for situations where two different outside sources of power, such as utility power and generator power, can seamlessly work to provide reliable power supply conditions. This kind of transfer switch is popular in industrial environments and other locations requiring a high degree of reliability.
Automatic Transfer Switch for Generators
Automatic transfer switches for generators are used in homes and businesses that require backup generators to restore power during an electrical outage as quickly as possible. Generally, these automatic transfer switches are designed to be used with standby generators and are particularly useful in areas that regularly experience electrical supply interruptions.
Installation Basics - Wiring Diagrams for Automatic Transfer Switches
The proper installation of an automatic transfer switch is essential to the operation and safety of the automatic transfer switch. Electricians can determine what wiring is necessary to install an automatic transfer switch by using reliable wiring diagrams for automatic transfer switches to ensure the correct installation of the automatic transfer switch. While you may want to install an automatic transfer switch (ATS) yourself, having a professional installer ensure compliance with electrical codes and standards is encouraged.
Choosing an Automatic Transfer Switch
The following are important factors to consider before choosing the right ATS for your application:
- Load Capacity: Make sure the ATS has the power capacity to meet the demands of your equipment/system.
- Number of Poles: Depending on whether you have a single-phase or three-phase power system will determine which pole configuration you need.
- Transition Type: Determine if you need an open or closed transition (see definitions below).
- Monitoring Capabilities: Most modern-day ATS have WiFi/app-based monitoring capabilities, which improve usage/ease of operation.
- Environment: Identify whether the ATS will be used inside, outside, or in a mobile application like an RV.
Commonly Asked Questions Surrounding Automatic Transfer Switches
Listed below are some of the more common questions people have about ATS to help assist with educating yourself regarding these switches and their uses.
What Are the Two Types of Automatic Transfer Switches?
There are two primary types of ATS, open transition and closed transition. Open transition automatic transfer switches de-energize one power supply source before energizing the next one, whereas closed transition automatic transfer switches transition power sources without interruption between power sources (both primary and back-up) for a very brief time period during transfer.
Can You Use an ATS with a Portable Generator?
Yes! Many ATS are utilized with portable generators, but it is critical that the generator wattage rating matches the load rating of the ATS to prevent overload.
What Is the Significance of a Diagram for an ATS?
A ATS wiring diagram provides a visual representation of the wiring and connection points. It is an essential guide for professional installers to ensure proper wiring sequence and to minimize the possibility of electrical hazards.
What Is the Advantage of Using an ATS for a Recreational Vehicle?
An ATS for recreational vehicles provides the means to switch between shore power and the RV generator without requiring a person to manually switch-over connections each time you use a power source, which furthers ease of use for anyone operating an RV.
Can an ATS Be Used in a Residential Application?
Absolutely! If you have frequent power outages, installing an ATS with a backup generator is the best way to keep all of your household items, heating, and lighting functioning together, without experiencing any interruption in service.
Summary
An Automatic Transfer Switch is a critical component of providing reliable power during power loss. Whether you want to use an ATS on your RV, have a backup generator at home, or need a dual power ATS for your commercial facility, selecting the proper ATS will improve the resilience of your power, the safety of your electrical systems, and your ability to provide uninterrupted service. By carefully evaluating your efficiency, load, and environmental factors that affect your ability to provide power, you can select the appropriate ATS for your situation. If you are uncertain where to start, consult a professional to fully educate yourself on making the most intelligent decision possible. By purchasing an ATS, you are making a long-term investment in securing your power supply, regardless of the circumstances.